Planning Sustainable Urban Growth in Kurdistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23918/Keywords:
Urban growth, Environment, Sustainability, Kurdistan Region-IraqAbstract
In Kurdistan region, urban areas and populations are growing rapidly in the recent years. Before 60s or 70s, the process of urbanization was not so complicated because the agricultures solely have shaped the spatial development. Now urban growth and land use change is taking place in a dynamic ways. At the same time environmental infrastructure of services are insufficient to serve the resulting increases in population. The inevitable congestion causes environmental hazards and degradation until strategies for reversing environmental worsening can be implemented. The purpose of this paper is to explain the urban growth process in Kurdistan region, then it tries to illustrate some strategies to make existing and new urban areas in Kurdistan more self-sufficient, sustainable, and enjoyable places to live.
Downloads
References
Firoz, A. B. M. (2004). Urban Growth Dynamics of Khulna City: (A study on Ward No. 09, 20 and 24), Unpublished BURP Thesis, Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna. pp. 27-32 – Retrieved from http://geospatialworld.net/Paper/Application/ArticleView.aspx?aid=1415#sthash.R7ekOPV A.dpuf
GOI. (1969). Al-Waqaai’a Al-Iraaqya Journal. Qaanun al-muhafadhat (Governorate Law).
Habitat (1998). Sustainable Cities and Local Governance. (Nairobi, United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat)).
Hardi P., & Zdan, T. (1997). Assessing Sustainable Development: Principles in Practice. Winnipeg, Canada: IISD. Retrieved on February 10, 2014 from, http://www.iisd.org/pdf/bellagio.pdf.
KRG. (2011). Regional Development Strategy for Kurdistan Region (2012-2016). Ministry of planning. Erbil.
KRP. (2011). Overview of the Kurdistan Region. Retrieved on February 3, 2011 from htt://www.krp.org.
KRSO. (2007). Statistical year book. Ministry of planning, KRG, No.1
Stansfield, G. R. (2003). Iraqi Kurdistan political development and emergent democracy. London: Routledge Curzon.
Stivers, R. (1976). The Sustainable Society: Ethics and Economic Growth. Philadelphia: Westminster Press.
World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). (1987). Our Common Future: The Brundtland Report. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Winograd M. (1995). Environmental Indicators for Latin America and the Caribbean: Toward Land-Use Sustainability. Washington, D.C.: GASE in collaboration with IICA/GTZ, OAS, and WRI.
Winograd, M., & Farrow, A. (2002). Sustainable Development Indicators for Decision Making: Concepts, Methods, Definition and Use International Centre for Tropical Agriculture. Retrieved from, http://www.eolss.net/ebooks/Sample%20Chapters/C13/E1-46B-02.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Eurasian J. Sci. Eng is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY-4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
