1. Home
  2. 2023-V9-I3
  3. Ground water quality assessment near municipal landfill and characterization of leachate in Kaniqrizhala area, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Statistics

Article Views: 49

PDF Downloads: 19

  • Date of Publication : 2024-03-28 Article Type : Research Article
  • Ground water quality assessment near municipal landfill and characterization of leachate in Kaniqrizhala area, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

    Jwan Khidhr Rahman*¹,  Lanja Omer Tahir ²,  Aveen Faidhalla Jalal ³, and  Huda Yusif Sharef ³

    Affiliation

    ¹ Department of Forestry, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University, Erbil-Iraq 
    ² Department of Environmental Sciences and Health, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil- Iraq
    ³ Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil-Iraq
    *Corresponding Author


    ORCID :

    Jwan Khidhr: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0534-9678, Lanja Omer: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2538-9004Aveen Faidhalla: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-7575Huda Yusif: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-9485


    DOI :

    https://doi.org/10.23918/eajse.v9i3p19


    Article History

    Received: 2023-06-15

    Revised: 2024-02-28

    Accepted: 2024-03-14

    Abstract

    The present study is to characterize the groundwater and leachate in the Kaniqrzhala landfill in Erbil City. Groundwater samples were collected from six wells and a leachate sample in order to evaluate the possible effect of leachate percolation into groundwater and assess the potential contamination. Several physicochemical parameters were analyzed to evaluate the groundwater and leachate characterizations, including (turbidity, pH, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, total alkalinity (TA), Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, PO₄³⁻, NH₃⁺, NO₃⁻, Na⁺, K⁺) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cr, and Cd). In addition, the evaluation of the water quality index (WQI) and leachate pollution index (LPI) were determined. All groundwater samples were determined to be below the permitted limits set by WHO guidelines, excluding EC, TDS, PO₄³⁻, and NO₃⁻, showing moderately high concentrations and leachate sample concentrations above allowed limits. The WQI values ranged from 74.833 to 88.463, meaning that all groundwater samples were deemed "good" and fit for drinking and other uses.  The LPI value is high (23.938), indicating a high contamination potential in the leachate. The results showed Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra, Tribulus terrestris, and Caper spinosa plant leaves have varying capacities to adsorb heavy metal ions from leachate.

    Keywords :

    Ground Water; Water Quality Index; Heavy Metals; Leachate Pollution Index; Plant


    [1]    Sharef AJ, Dara RN, Ahmed AR. Greater zab river Basin planning (2050). Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2021;52(5):1150-62.

    Google Sholar 
    [2]    Maheswaran G, Elangovan K. Groundwater Quality Evaluation in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, Based on Water Quality Index. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology. 2014;13(3):547-52.

    Google Sholar 
    [3]    Maulood YI, Aziz SQ. Soil and Municipal Solid Waste Leachate Characterization at Erbil Anaerobic Landfill Site. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2016; 28(3):104-13.

    Google Sholar 
    [4]    Gökҫekuş H, Kassem Y, Musa MK. Enviromental Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in North of Iraq. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering. 2020;9(3). https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v50i1.297

    Google Sholar 
    [5]    Abdullah SA, Abdullah AHJ, Ankush MA. Assessment of water quality in in the Euphertes river, southern Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2019;5(1):312-9. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v50i1.297

    Google Sholar 
    [6]    Ikem A, Osibanjo O, Sridhar MKC, Sobande A. Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Characteristics near Two Waste Sites in Ibadan and Lagos, Nigeria. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 2002;140(1/4):307-33. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020165403531 

    Google Sholar 
    [7]    Kumar D, Alappat BJ. Analysis of leachate pollution index and formulation of sub-leachate pollution indices. Waste Management & Research. 2005;23(3):230-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X05054875

    Google Sholar 
    [8]    Kumar D, Alappat BJ. Analysis of Leachate Contamination Potential of a Municipal Landfill using Leachate Pollution Index. Sustainable Landfill Management. 2003:147-53.

    Google Sholar 
    [9]    Phong HX, Viet NT, Quyen NTN, Van Thinh P, Trung NM, Ngan TTK. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities of four spices commonly used in Vietnamese traditional medicine. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2022;56:A1-A5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.142

    Google Sholar 
    [10]    Horton RK. An index number for rating water quality. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation. 1965;37(3):300-6.

    Google Sholar 
    [11]    Adimalla N, Taloor AK. Hydrogeochemical investigation of groundwater quality in the hard rock terrain of South India using Geographic Information System (GIS) and groundwater quality index (GWQI) techniques. Groundwater for Sustainable Development. 2020;10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100288

    Google Sholar 
    [12]    WHO. Guidelines for Drinkingwater Quality: Interligar, Brazil; 2017.

     
    [13]    Alhadithi M. Evaluation of groundwater quality using water quality index(WQI) and GIS techniques. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2018;49(2):313-26.

    Google Sholar 
    [14]    Mohanty SK. Water quality index of four religious ponds and its seasonal variation in the Temple city, Bhuvaneshwar ,In A. kumar Ed., Water Pollution , APH publishing Corporation. New Delhi. 2004:211-8.

    Google Sholar 
    [15]    Baby Shaikh R, Saifullah B, Rehman F, Iqbal Shaikh R. Greener Method for the Removal of Toxic Metal Ions from the Wastewater by Application of Agricultural Waste as an Adsorbent. Water. 2018;10(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101316

    Google Sholar 
    [16]    Gupta SP. Statistical methods. 37 ed: SultanChand and Sons., New Delhi, India.; 2009.


    [17]    Reddy PS, Nandini N. Leachate Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater Pollution Near Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology. 2011;10(3):415-8.


    [18]    WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. 4 ed: Gutenberg; 2011.

    Google Sholar 
    [19]    Akinbile CO. Environmental impact of landfill on groundwater quality and agricultural soils in Nigeria. Soil and Water Research. 2012;7(1):18-26.

    Google Sholar 
    [20]    Welch PS. Limnology. USA: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1952.


    [21]    Hameed A, Bhat SU, Jindal T, Sabha I, Lone SH. Water Quality Monitoring of Some Freshwater Springs in Hazratbal Tehsil, Srinagar, Kashmir Himalaya. Journal of Himalayan Ecology and Sustainable Development 2018;13:61-74.

    Google Sholar 
    [22]    De S, Maiti SK, Hazra T, Dutta A. Evaluation of the impact of landfill leachate on groundwater quality in Kolkata, India. Pollution. 2017;3(3):443-52. https://doi.org/10.7508/pj.2017.03. 009

    Google Sholar 
    [23]    Kale SS, Kadam AK, Kumar S, Pawar NJ. Evaluating pollution potential of leachate from landfill site, from the Pune metropolitan city and its impact on shallow basaltic aquifers. Environ Monit Assess. 2010;162(1-4):327-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0799-7

    Google Sholar 
    [24]    Abbas AAA, Hassan FM. Water quality assessment of Euphrates river in Qadisiyah province (Diwaniyah river),Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2018;49(2):251- 61.

    Google Sholar 
    [25]    Aromolaran O, Fagade OE, Aromolaran OK, Faleye ET, Faerber H. Assessment of groundwater pollution near Aba-Eku municipal solid waste dumpsite. Environ Monit Assess. 2019;191(12):718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7886-1

    Google Sholar 
    [26]    Adekunle IM, Adetunji MT, Gbadebo AM, Banjoko OB. Assessment of Groundwater Quality in a Typical Rural Settlement in Southwest Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2007;4(4):307-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph200704040007

    Google Sholar 
    [27]    Ahmad AB. Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Index for drinking purpose from some villages around Darbandikhan district, Kurdistan Region -Iraq. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 2014;7(9):34-41.

    Google Sholar 
    [28]    Adeyi AA, Majolagbe AO. Assessment of Groundwater Quality around Two Major Active Dumpsites in Lagos, Nigeria. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research. 2014;14(7):0975-5896.

    Google Sholar 
    [29]    Bhalla B, Saini MS, Jha MK. Characterization of Leachate from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfilling Sites of Ludhiana, India: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. 2012;2(6):732-45.

    Google Sholar 
    [30]    Kulikowska D, Klimiuk E. The effect of landfill age on municipal leachate composition. Bioresource Technology 2008:5981-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.015

    Google Sholar 
    [31]    Abbas AA, Jingsong G, Ping LZ, Ya PY, Al-Rekabi WS. Review on Landfll Leachate Treatments. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 2009;5(5):534-45. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.672.684

    Google Sholar 
    [32]    Naveen BP, Mahapatra DM, Sitharam TG, Sivapullaiah PV, Ramachandra TV. Physico-chemical and biological characterization of urban municipal landfill leachate. Environ Pollut. 2016;220(Pt A):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.002

    Google Sholar 
    [33]    Christensen TH, Kjeldsen P, L.Bjerg P, L.Jensen D, B.Christensen J, Baun A. Biogeochemistry of landfill leachate plumes. Applied Geochemistry. 2001;16:659-718. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(00)00082-2

    Google Sholar 
    [34]    Fatta D, Papadopoulos A, Loizidou M. A study on the landfill leachate and its impact on the groundwater quality of the greater area. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 1999;21(2):175-90. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006613530137

    Google Sholar 
    [35]    Ohwoghere–Asuma, Aweto KE. Leachate Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater and Surface Water Qualities Near Municipal Solid Waste Dump Site in Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science. 2013;3(9):126-34.

    Google Sholar 
    [36]    Angaye TCN, Zige DV, Izah SC. Microbial Load and Heavy Metals Properties of Leachates from Solid Wastes Dumpsites in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques. 2015;3(3):148-53.

    Google Sholar 
    [37]    Mor S, Ravindra K, R.P.Dahiya, A.Chandra. Leachate characterization and assessment of ground water pollution near municipal solid waste landfill site. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2006;118:435–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-1505-7

    Google Sholar 
    [38]    B.G.Sewwandi, Wijesekara SSRMDHR, Rajapaksha A, M.I.M.Mowjood, Vithanage M. Risk of Soil and Water Pollution by Heavy Metals in Landfill Leachate. The 12th Annual Conference of Thai Society of Agricultural Engineering “International Conference on Agricultural Engineering” (Novelty, Clean and Sustainable). 2011.

    Google Sholar 
    [39]    Singh S, Raju NJ, Gossel W, Wycisk P. Assessment of pollution potential of leachate from the municipal solid waste disposal site and its impact on groundwater quality, Varanasi environs, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2016;9(131):12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-2131-x

    Google Sholar 
    [40]    Siddiqia SA, Al-Mamun A, Sana A, Baawainb MS, Choudhury MR. Characterization and pollution potential of leachate from urban landfills during dry and wet periods in arid regions. Water Supply 2021;22(3):3462-83. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.392

    Google Sholar 
    [41]    Šourková M, Adamcová D, Zloch J, Skutnik Z, Vaverková MD. Evaluation of the Phytotoxicity of Leachate from aMunicipal Solid Waste Landfill: The Case Study of Bukov Landfill. Environments 2020;7(111):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7120111

    Google Sholar 
    [42]    Munir S, Tabinda AB, Ilyas A, Mushtaq T. Characterization of Leachate and Leachate Pollution Index from Dumping Sites in Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences. 2014;4(4):165-70.

    Google Sholar 
    [43]    Afolabi OO, Wali E, Ihunda EC, Orji MC, Emelu VO, Bosco-Abiahu LC, et al. Potential environmental pollution and human health risk assessment due to leachate contamination of groundwater from anthropogenic impacted site. Environmental Challenges 2022;9:10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2022.100627 

    Google Sholar 
    [44]    Rashid FH, .Taha AA, N..J.Hameed. Study of toxic heavy metal removal by different Chitosan/Hyacinths plant composite. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2019;50(5):1416-24.

    Google Sholar 
    [45]    Tomczak E, Tosik P. Waste Plant Material as a Potential Adsorbent of a Selected Azo Dye. Chemical and Process Engineering. 2017;38(2):283-94. https://doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2017-0021

    Google Sholar 



    @article{rahman,jwankhidhrandtahir,lanjaomerandjalal,aveenfaidhallaandsharef,hudayusif2023,
     author = {Rahman, Jwan Khidhr and Tahir, Lanja Omer and Jalal, Aveen Faidhalla and Sharef, Huda Yusif},
     title = {Ground water quality assessment near municipal landfill and characterization of leachate in Kaniqrizhala area, Kurdistan Region of Iraq},
     journal = {Eurasian J. Sci. Eng},
     volume = {9},
     number = {3},
     pages = {220-236},
     year = {2023}
    }
    Copy

    Rahman, J. K., Tahir, L. O., Jalal, A. F., & Sharef, H. Y. (2023). Ground water quality assessment near municipal landfill and characterization of leachate in Kaniqrizhala area, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Eurasian J. Sci. Eng, 9(3),220-236.

    Copy

    Rahman, Jwan Khidhr, et al. "Ground water quality assessment near municipal landfill and characterization of leachate in Kaniqrizhala area, Kurdistan Region of Iraq." Eurasian J. Sci. Eng, 9.3, (2023), pp.220-236.

    Copy

    Rahman, J. K., Tahir, L. O., Jalal, A. F., & Sharef, H. Y. (2023) "Ground water quality assessment near municipal landfill and characterization of leachate in Kaniqrizhala area, Kurdistan Region of Iraq", Eurasian J. Sci. Eng, 9(3), pp.220-236.

    Copy

    Rahman JK, Tahir LO, Jalal AF, Sharef HY. Ground water quality assessment near municipal landfill and characterization of leachate in Kaniqrizhala area, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Eurasian J. Sci. Eng. 2023; 9(3):220-236.

    Copy

    Under Development

    Under Development

    Under Development

  • Ground water quality assessment near municipal landfill and characterization of leachate in Kaniqrizhala area, Kurdistan Region of Iraq