Erbil Public Transportation Tracking: An IoT-based Solution for Urban Mobility Enhancement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23918/eajse.v10i3p11Keywords:
Public Transportation Tracking, Information systems, Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning, IT, Urban Mobility in ErbilAbstract
Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, is expanding and accommodating more residents. These changes require a better public transportation system. To address this issue, this paper presents the "Erbil Public Transportation Tracking" system. The system employs IoT and machine learning to create a real-time tracking solution for Erbil's public transport requirements in the form of a mobile app. The presented app is based on Flutter and uses GIS and machine learning to provide real-time data and predictive guidance regarding bus and minibus routes and schedules in the city of Erbil. The app uses machine learning algorithms to predict delays, suggest the best routes, and personalize the commuter experience. The results indicate that 70% of the respondents use public transportation, and 86% of the surveyed commuters showed a willingness to adopt the presented system to help them make better-informed decisions about their routes and daily commutes.
References
[1] Gong H, Chen C, Bialostozky E, Lawson CT. A GPS/GIS method for travel mode detection in New York City. Comput Environ Urban Syst. 2012 Mar 1;36(2):131-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2011.05.003.
[2] Menon A, Sinha R. Implementation of Internet of Things in bus transport system of Singapore. Asian J Eng Res. Forthcoming. 2013 Sep 24.
[3] Julio N, Giesen R, Lizana P. Real-time prediction of bus travel speeds using traffic shockwaves and machine learning algorithms. Res Transp Econ. 2016 Nov 1;59:250-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2016.05.001.
[4] Nguyen MT, Boundy E. Big data and smart (equitable) cities. In: Seeing cities through big data: research, methods, and applications in urban informatics. 2017:517-42.
[5] Silva BN, Khan M, Han K. Towards sustainable smart cities: A review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities. Sustain Cities Soc. 2018 Apr 1;38:697-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.053.
[6] Mohammed Ali RF, Hasan IA, Mohammed SA, Qadr DB. Improving the level of service of a portion of 60-M ring-road in Erbil City. Cihan Univ-Erbil Sci J. 2019 May 13;3(1):12-7.
[7] Jimoh OD, Ajao LA, Adeleke OO, Kolo SS. A vehicle tracking system using greedy forwarding algorithms for public transportation in urban arterial. IEEE Access. 2020 Oct 15;8:191706-25. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3032004.
[8] Nurtayeva JT, Salim M, Basheer Taha T, Omar Y. A proposed IoT-based bike sharing system in Erbil City. Eurasian J Sci Eng. 2021;7(1):97-105.
[9] Pietrzak K, Pietrzak O. Tram system as a challenge for smart and sustainable urban public transport: Effects of applying bi-directional trams. Energies. 2022;15(15):5685. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155685.
[10] Ang KL, Seng JK, Ngharamike E, Ijemaru GK. Emerging technologies for smart cities’ transportation: Geo-information, data analytics and machine learning approaches. ISPRS Int J Geo-Inf. 2022 Jan 24;11(2):85. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11020085.
[11] Zhang H, Huang Z, Zhao Y. Development of advanced public transportation systems (APTS) and their impact on city commuting. IEEE Intell Transp Syst Mag. 2022;14(2):88-97. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITS.2022.3141234.
[12] Verduzco Torres JR, McArthur DP. Public transport accessibility indicators to urban and regional services in Great Britain. Sci Data. 2024;11(1):53. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-02102-9.
[13] McIlroy RC. A reservation I have is that presumably no travel app will improve the actual services: Place-based perspectives of mobility as a service. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2024;102:424-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2023.06.007.
[14] Matthews B, Liu X, Turner J. A real-time machine learning-based public transport bus-passenger information system. J Adv Transp. 2024;2024(1), e3045. https://doi.org/10.1002/atr.3045.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Salim, Mohamed Tahir Shoani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Eurasian J. Sci. Eng is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY-4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/