@article{zhikal,omarkhudhurandjafaar,azizmuzafarandabdullah,karzanandsalih,rebazhamzaandhawezy,dahatandmohammed,karwanyasinandmohammed,dastanabdullahandsmail,shukurwasman2023,
author = {Zhikal, Omar Khudhur and Jafaar, Aziz Muzafar and Abdullah, Karzan and Salih, Rebaz Hamza and Hawezy, Dahat and Mohammed, Karwan Yasin and Mohammed, Dastan Abdullah and Smail, Shukur Wasman},
title = {Gender-Based Differences of D-Dimer Levels Among Mild COVID-19 Patients Living in the Erbil City-Iraq.},
journal = {Eurasian J. Sci. Eng},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {201-208},
year = {2023}
}
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Gender-Based Differences of D-Dimer Levels Among Mild COVID-19 Patients Living in the Erbil City-Iraq.
Zhikal Omar Khudhur ¹*, Aziz Muzafar Jafaar ²’ ³’ ⁴, Karzan Abdullah ⁵’ ⁶’ ⁷ ,Rebaz Hamza Salih ⁸ , Dahat Hawezy ⁹, Karwan Yasin Mohammed ¹⁰ ’ ¹¹ ,Dastan Abdullah Mohammed¹², and Shukur Wasman Smail ¹³’ ¹⁴
Affiliation¹ Biology Education Department, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
² Department of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Kurdistan Regional Government, Erbil-Iraq
³ Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Kurdistan Hawler, Erbil, KRG, Iraq
⁴ Department of Endocrinology, Iraqi Board for Medical Specializations, Erbil, Iraq
⁵ Ministry of Health, Kurdistan Regional Government, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
⁶ School of Medicine, University of Kurdistan, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
⁷ Zanco Private Hospital, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
⁸ PAR Private Hospital, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
⁹ Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
¹⁰ Rozhawa Emergency Hospital, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
¹¹ Erbil Emergency Medicine Training Centre, Emergency Medicine program, Kurdistan Higher Council of Medical Specialties, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
¹² Department of Biochemistry, Private Biolab, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
¹³ Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq
¹⁴ Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
*Corresponding Author
ORCID :
Zhikal Omar: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-1416, Aziz Muzafar: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4522-8861, Karzan Abdullah: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-3513, Rebaz Hamza: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-4805, Karwan Yasin: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4162-9959, Dastan Abdullah: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2249-536X, Shukur Wasman: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-2540
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.23918/eajse.v9i3p17
Article History
|
Received: 2023-09-03 |
Revised: 2024-01-31 |
Accepted: 2024-02-04 |
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, possesses the capability to induce respiratory illness, which leads to thrombotic diseases. One of the potential biomarkers associated with the poor prognosis in COVID-19 is the rise of D-dimer. However, the potential of plasma's D-dimer to predict gender disparities in disease severity remains undetermined in Erbil-Iraq. This study aimed to evaluate the gender-based difference of the D-dimer in mild males and females of COVID-19 patients; their correlation with age was also within the scope of this study. Retrospectively analyzed laboratory and clinical data of mild COVID-19 cases confirmed at Bio Lab in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. An immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the amount of D-dimer in 1174 patients. The results were given in fibrinogen equivalent units (µg/ml). Out of 1174, 591 (50.34%) were male. Their mean age was (52.23 ± 0.657); while 583 (49.66%) were female, their mean age was (51.11 ± 0.722). The mean D-dimer among male patients was 1.163 μg/ml (±0.175 μg/ml), whereas the level of D-dimer in female patients was equal to 1.172 μg/ml (±0.147 μg/ml). The study finds a correlation between age and D-dimer. In conclusion, there is no significant difference in D-dimer value between the male and female COVID-19 groups.
Keywords: COVID-19; D-dimer; Gender; and Thrombotic Disorders
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Zhikal, O. K., Jafaar, A. M., Abdullah, K., Salih, R. H., Hawezy, D., Mohammed, K. Y., Mohammed, D. A., & Smail, S. W. (2023). Gender-Based Differences of D-Dimer Levels Among Mild COVID-19 Patients Living in the Erbil City-Iraq.. Eurasian J. Sci. Eng, 9(3),201-208.
CopyZhikal, Omar Khudhur, et al. "Gender-Based Differences of D-Dimer Levels Among Mild COVID-19 Patients Living in the Erbil City-Iraq.." Eurasian J. Sci. Eng, 9.3, (2023), pp.201-208.
CopyZhikal, O.K., Jafaar, A.M., Abdullah, K., Salih, R.H., Hawezy, D., Mohammed, K.Y., Mohammed, D.A. (2023) "Gender-Based Differences of D-Dimer Levels Among Mild COVID-19 Patients Living in the Erbil City-Iraq.", Eurasian J. Sci. Eng, 9(3), pp.201-208.
CopyZhikal OK, Jafaar AM, Abdullah K, Salih RH, Hawezy D, Mohammed KY, Mohammed DA, Smail SW. Gender-Based Differences of D-Dimer Levels Among Mild COVID-19 Patients Living in the Erbil City-Iraq.. Eurasian J. Sci. Eng. 2023; 9(3):201-208.
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